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雅思写作中易混淆的五组词

2018-08-23 16:22:32 编辑:无 浏览:(4543次)

雅思写作要想取得高分,需要对词汇掌握的比较深入,尤其是常用词汇,比如介词、固定搭配词组以及同义词等等。下面小编就为大家整理了一批在雅思写作中容易被误用的词汇,各位考鸭一定要牢牢记下哦!

一、compare与contrast的误用

我们先从两者的定义入手来看两者的区别。 Compare的定义为:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定义为:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them. 由定义不难看出前者侧重于找到两个或多个事物的异同,而后者则侧重于它们的不同。

看个例句:

It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours.

前一句翻译为:对比一下我们的情况与他们的情况会很有趣。

后一句的翻译为:我们的情况与他们的情况有很大的不同,这很有趣。

再看一个引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:

There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.

The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.

When you look at their new system,ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.

不难发现,Compare 翻译为“ 与…相比”而contrast可译为“明显不同的是…”,切记这种翻译方式就不会用错彼此了。

二、介词使用错误

1、普通介词的误用

一般表现为固定搭配错误,如常把 provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,虽然这样的错误看似无伤大雅,但在考官眼里就是影响顺畅阅读的,当然会影响最终成绩。解决的办法简单而古老:把常见的固定搭配牢记于心,问题自然就解决了。

2、“to”作为介词的误用

“to”最常见的用法是以动词不定式符号的形式出现的,所以同学们也已经习惯了 “to do”的固定搭配。对于一些如walk to me,to the left等介词to表方向等常见用法一般也不会出现错误。但是对于与动词搭配的介词to就会经常犯错:

如:

More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.

这里的 ‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’ 其中 ‘to’为介词,所以后面只能接名词或相当于名词的词,如动名词。所以黑体处应改为“depending on”。“take to”的另一个常用用法也需要牢记:

He hasn’t taken to his new school. (这里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)

Prefer A to B中的 “to”也是介词,会有 prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,这里小编提醒您,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符号。

类似的常用用法请同学们牢记:

Be used to doing

Be accustomed to doing

See to doing

Adapt to doing

Adjust to doing

prefer doing sth to doing sth.

等等,请注意平时仔细积累。

三、assume及claim使用不够准确

我们知道, think, assume, claim是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实际作文中,同学们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的,完全可以代换,所以拿过来就用。甚至还有同学把 consider也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来看这几个词的不同:

Think: to have opinion or belief about sth.

翻译为“认为”,通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。

Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.

翻译为“假设、假定”,是否有事实依据是不确定的。

Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.

翻译为“声称”,用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点,所以很少用作 ‘I claim that…

Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。

所以 ‘It is claimed that’ 通常翻译为“有报道称…”。和‘it is reported that ’的区别在于后者翻译为“据报道”,往往代表着作者赞同报告的内容,

Consider: to think about sth carefully,especially in order to make a decision

翻译为“考虑”,一般不用作引出观点,看个例子:

We are considering buying a new car.

所以,小编提醒您,千万不要在雅思大作文的第一段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而导致对整篇文章的低分印象。

四、表“建议”的词汇后面忘记用虚拟从句

这是摘自学生雅思作文中的一个病句:

I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.

因为 ‘suggest’翻译为“建议”,所以后面的从句应该用虚拟语气,黑体部分应该改为 “(should) continue”,一定要牢记以下常见表“建议”的词汇,而且要记住这些词接从句时要用虚拟语气:

Recommend, suggest, advise

五、such as与for example的混用

我们知道,在表示举例子的时候,such as 与like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare.

但是同学们对于Such as、for example 的把握还是不够准确。我们都知道,后者接句子前者接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法:

There is a similar word in many languages,such as in French and Italian.

这里的such as改为 for example为好,因为“in French and Italian”其实是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的简化,所以要用 for example来引出例证。再来看几个类似的例子:

It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects,for example physics.

以上就是小编为大家整理的雅思写作常用词汇,写作对考生的考察比较全面,包括词汇量、语法、快速的语言组织能力等等,需要在日常多加积累,预祝广大考鸭们取得好成绩!