雅思写作观点类表达得分要点

2017-05-09 16:14:17 编辑：无浏览：(3658次)

很多基础还不错想获取高分的学生在雅思考试中却频频失利，无法突破自身的瓶颈。对此，多数同学都百思不得其解。更有需要在短期内出分数的同学一门心思扑在如何锤炼语言上，结果反而忽略了写作中最应该重视的"论证"。纵观许多考官范文，我们不难发现即使文章没有许多所谓"高大上"的词组，文章仍然能拿高分。而这其中最重要的原因是相比华丽的辞藻，论证的深度是我们斩获高分的关键。那么究竟什么样的文章能够得到考官的青睐呢？接下来让我们一探让步段的魔力。

　　首先，我们得弄清楚几个问题。

　　1.什么是让步？从字面意义上，就是退让。我们知道有语言犀利风格著称的马薇薇在《奇葩说》里脱颖而出，她采用的最巧妙的战术其实就是------"让步"，即先退一步说话，最后"以子之矛，攻子之盾"，其实这已经就是辩论的最高境界了。同样，对于我们的雅思大作文辩论类型的文章而言，写好让步段无疑是我们严谨的思辨思维的最好体现。

　　2.为什么要让步？显然，第一，让步段除了增加文章的字数，完成写作任务外，更重要的是能够增强文章的客观性。通俗点来说，就是避免造成"剑走偏锋"的极端印象，论证会更加全面。第二，写得好的让步段会让考官眼前一亮，是夺取高分的制胜法宝之一。

　　3.如何让步？下面我们以一篇范文为例，进行深度剖析。

　　Some people propose that smoking should be banned completely. What is your opinion?

　　Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

　　Write at least 250 words.

　　这篇文章的话题是关于是否彻底禁止吸烟。

　　1）立场：不应该彻底禁止吸烟

　　Sample Answer 1

　　Some people suggest that the government should ban smoking completely. Indeed, smoking is harmful to health and it violates the rights and freedoms of non- smokers. However, in my opinion, smoking should not be totally banned for the following reasons.

　　开头段：清晰地表明自己的立场

　　First, tobacco is a commodity to tax.（中心句1）It contributes much to the UK government's revenue.(分论点1)For example, the UK government collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities.If smoking is banned, there will be a great loss to the government's income. In addition, more serious social problems will arise, such as unemployment,（分论点2）because the tobacco industry employs a lot of workers.

　　主体段1：有理有据（每个分论点后都有支持句）

　　理由：吸烟为税收作贡献，增加就业。

　　Second, those who strongly approve of the ban lay too much emphasis on the rights of non-smokers. They ignore smokers' rights.（中心句2）Smoking is just a personal hobby and amusement and it is a kind of lifestyle. It is a stress reliever and can bring great pleasure to smokers. Furthermore, for smokers, nothing seems more difficult and painful than giving up the habit.

　　主体段2：同上。

　　理由：吸烟会给吸烟者在心理上带来一定的好处。

　　We must admit that smoking is detrimental to health.（让步）However, the harm that smoking brings to people's health is exaggerated. As long as we smoke in moderation, it will not do great harm to our health. In history, many famous people, such as Sir Winston Churchill, smoked and enjoyed a long life expectancy.

　　主体段3：让步段：先让步，再反驳对方。

　　理由：指出吸烟对身体的危害性被夸大了：只要适度，吸烟不会对身体造成很大伤害。

To sum up, I do not agree that smoking should be completely banned. The tobacco industry makes much contribution to the national economy. Smoking brings many psychological benefits to smokers. Moreover, a complete ban of smoking will give rise to many social problems.

　　结尾段：重申观点，回扣主题。

　　然后我们着重来分析下以上的让步段。表面上作者是在承认吸烟的坏处，先暂时退一步说话，实则"以退为进"。指出吸烟对身体的危害性被夸大了，并提出只要适度，吸烟不会对身体造成很大伤害。即马上回扣自己的立场------不应该彻底禁止吸烟。

　　所以，其实让步段并不难写，我们从中可以总结出几个小技巧。（假设我方是正方）

　　1.承认反方观点

　　2.对反方观点进行展开

　　3.对展开的内容进行反驳

　　以上就是让步段"三部曲"。

　　温馨提示：对反方观点展开句不宜太多，也就是展开句的数量不能超过反驳句的数量，否则会有"喧宾夺主"之嫌。

　　接下来，我们现场练兵，以支持彻底禁止吸烟为例来列列写作提纲。

　　2）立场：应该彻底禁止吸烟

　　Outline

　　开头段:… Personally, smoking should be banned in the public for the following reasons.

　　主体段1：Smoking is detrimental to smoker's health（中心句1）…

　　主体段2：Smoking is a health hazard which affects not only the smoker himself ,but also all the people around him（中心句2）…

　　让步段: …

　　结尾段: To sum up, I agree that smoking should be completely banned.

　　我们着重分析让步段，按照我们之前说的让步段"三部曲"操作步骤来写。（活学活用）

　　第一步：承认反方观点（三种写法）

　　1.Admittedly, the minor advantages of smoking should not be ignored.

　　2.Indeed, smoking is a personal habit and right to some extent.

3.It is partly true that smoking is a stress reliever and can bring great pleasure to smokers.

　　第二：对反方观点进行展开（以"Indeed, smoking is a personal habit and right to some extent . "为例）

　　Thus, some people tend to believe that the ban of smoking violates smokers' rights and freedom.

　　第三步：对展开的内容进行反驳（三种方法）

　　1.辩证法

　　找出反方观点的逻辑漏洞进行反驳，即"以子之矛攻子之盾"。

　　(以"Indeed, smoking is a personal habit and right to some extent."为例)

　　It sounds reasonable at first thought, but it cannot hold water if we take a close look at it. To be specific, smoking in the public also violates nonsmokers' rights and freedom since they have to suffer from passive smoking.

　　2.方案法

　　反方提出的不是唯一或者最佳途径，我方的提议更好。

　　(以"It is partly true that smoking is a stress reliever and can bring great pleasure to smokers."为例)

　　However, the stress can be alleviated by participating in healthier activities such as jogging and watching movies. Therefore, there are many others ways available to obtain great pleasure.

　　3.利弊权衡法

　　我方所带来的好处大于反方带来的好处。

　　(以"Admittedly, the minor advantages of smoking should not be ignored. "为例)

　　However, the merits of banning smoking in the public far outweigh those of smoking.

　　最后，小结一下干货------反驳三步法"新鲜出炉"。

　　1.辩证法

It sounds reasonable at first thought , but it cannot hold water if we take a close look at it.

　　2.方案法

　　However, the problem can be solved by…

However, this benefit can be achieved by…

Although some people may argue for the idea …, I do not think it is the best and only way to ….

　　3.利弊权衡法